Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): New Pharmacological and Surgical Strategies to Prevent Vision Loss in Preterm Infants
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) remains a significant threat to the vision of extremely preterm infants, caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. The clinical landscape for managing ROP has seen a major evolution, moving beyond traditional ablative laser therapy to include targeted pharmacological interventions. Specifically, the use of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agents, such as intravitreal aflibercept, has emerged as a first-line pharmacologic treatment, offering a less-invasive option that can promote more natural retinal vascularization. However, clinicians continue to debate the long-term safety, optimal dosing, and risk of late ROP reactivation with these injections versus the well-established efficacy of laser photocoagulation. The development of advanced screening algorithms, like DIGIROP, and improved imaging technology are also crucial in early detection and risk stratification, ensuring timely and appropriate treatment decisions are made to save the sight of these vulnerable patients.
